Isopropanol: what it is, poisoning isopropanol

Isopropanol is a moderately hazardous substance used in manufacturing and medicine. Of poisoning isopropyl alcohol can inhalation of vapors, and also by the oral route. The dangerous compound for human life?

What is isopropanol

Isopropyl – alcohol solution colorless with a sharp odor. Isopropanol belongs to the third class of danger, is often used in the production of acetone and hydrogen peroxide.

This alcohol can replace the ethanol and is contained in some cosmetics, perfumes, detergents and disinfection means. It is also used in medicine.

Most often, the tool can be found in the solution for washing of glasses of the car. Isopropyl alcohol is highly soluble in water, capable of evaporation in a closed space, and the leak can accumulate. If you exceed the permissible norms, up to 10 mg per 1 m3 can be extremely dangerous.

Isopropyl is flammable product that requires careful application. Can irritate the skin, affect breathing, and cause poisoning.

Properties

Isopropyl, as well as other varieties of alcohol, has the following properties:

  • The chemical formula of rubbing alcohol is c3h8o. The connection may form Atari and esters. With the addition of hydrogen can turn into acetone, having a pungent odor. Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, active in relation to rubber and plastic.
  • Colorless liquid capable of spontaneous ignition when the temperature more than 450°C. a Pair of isopropanol may be mixed with oxygen and form an explosive mixture. Isopropyl susceptible to dissolution in acetone and benzene, can be mixed with other solvents. Together with water ice-free.

Areas of use

The substance has a relatively low cost, and widely applied in following industries:

  • Paint and varnish production. Applied in the form of solvents and varnishes based on cellulose nitrates.
  • Refineries. Used as a solvent, additives to oils and extractant to the monobasic carboxylic acids.
  • Timber companies used the alcohol to extract the resin.
  • Chemical plants, factories for the production of furniture, toilet of the enterprise. Used as solvent esters, waxes and other components.
  • For the production of autogenically products: antifreeze, washer fluid glass cleaner and other liquids, used for car care.

In addition, the isopropyl is used in other areas and get it from acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and Isopropylamine. Very often, the item replaces the ethanol and part of the:

  • cosmetic products;
  • perfumes;
  • detergents and cleaning products;
  • disinfectants;
  • repellents;
  • the defroster for the Windows and locks the car.

Isopropyl found its use in plumbing. In combination with oil it is able to significantly increase production. In addition, this alcohol often impregnated medical wipes.

What is the effect on the body

Isopropanol can differently affect the person. Poisoning with isopropanol often leads to unpleasant consequences:

  • Inhalation ingestion irritating action are most susceptible to eyes and respiratory system. It often causes headache and oppression of the brain.
  • After oral penetration connection rarely causes death. In the use of small doses of the remedy causes diarrhea. Negative effects of isopropyl observed in the use of more than 50 ml When injected into the stomach easily and quickly dissolves, and then is converted by the liver in 80% acetone and 10% of morphine. The other 10% is water and carbon dioxide. The remains of the metabolism are extracted from urine and the exhalation of vapours.
  • Narcotic and intoxicating effect of the connection exceeds the influence of ethanol twice. A certain concentration provokes intoxication within a few hours. Prolonged exposure can result in irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs, and loss of consciousness.

It should be noted that toxicity isopropyl are very rare. The substance has many uses in agriculture and in cosmetics. However, the leak finding people in a locked room threatening to health and life.

The poisoning of the isopropanol can cause the following disorders:

  • disruption of the digestive system;
  • gastritis;
  • hypertension;
  • arrhythmia;
  • diarrhea;
  • the destruction of red blood cells, hemolysis of blood;
  • kidney failure.

The connection is a danger in the amount of 50 ml. When used in a Cup of isopropanol occurs usually fatal. Because of the powerful intoxicating effect and a patient can log-in alcoholic TRANS before they have time to take all dangerous dose of poison.

How can you get poisoned

Isopropyl poisoning can be accidental. Most people drink explosive liquid, mix it with vodka.

At risk for poisoning people from disadvantaged categories of people: alcoholics, people with mentaldisorders, the homeless, the drug solution in the composition of the washers for cars.

Fixed rare cases of intentional substance use. Occasionally poisoned fluid children who drink a solution, not knowing of the danger.

The lethal dose of isopropanol, 250 mg. Toxin dissolved in the stomach after 30-60 minutes, after that starts to happen its negative impact.

How is the poisoning:

  • Initially, the compound is absorbed from the mucous surfaces of the stomach.
  • Then enters the circulatory system.
  • Approximately 80% of the substance is metabolized in the liver.
  • A small amount of isopropanol is excreted through the respiratory tract and kidneys.
  • 10% ethanol in its pure form remains in the bloodstream and is converted to acetone.
  • Developing acetonemia that affects the liver, renal system and brain.

On average, the connection is displayed in 7 hours.

Symptoms

Signs of poisoning occurs by ingestion of toxin inside, can indicate lesions of a particular organ. Most often suffer digestive system, the brain, the heart and blood vessels. In addition, the possible destruction of muscle fibers.

Initial symptoms of poisoning appear within 30 minutes and include the following:

  • smell of acetone from the mouth;
  • vomiting containing blood impurities;
  • painful syndromes in the abdomen;
  • the increase in locomotor activity;
  • pain symptoms in the head;
  • dizziness.

With severe intoxication there are other possible manifestations:

  • disorder verbal abilities;
  • shortness of breath;
  • temperature drop;
  • increase in blood pressure;
  • fainting;
  • coma.

In the presence of these symptoms the victim must be immediately hospitalized.

First aid

In case of poisoning by a dangerous connection to the victim immediately called an ambulance. Until the arrival of medical personnel carried out the following activities:

  • Gastric lavage with artificial induce vomiting. To do this, press on the root of the tongue.
  • In finding the patient unconscious, it put to one side to avoid getting vomit in the respiratory system.
  • The antidote isopropyl alcohol is vodka or diluted alcohol. To neutralize the poison just one Cup.

If the person is fainted, do not make him lavage of the stomach or to get something to drink: in this case, can only help medical care.

Further treatment is carried out in a hospital.

Diagnosis

Upon arrival at the medical facility the patient is assigned to the following analyses:

  • General analysis of blood;
  • study of acid-base status and identification of electrolytes in the blood stream;
  • biochemical examination of blood;
  • electrocardiography;
  • an x-ray.

To determine the isopropanol in the blood and urine, and analyze the biological media, which will help to reveal the quantitative content of a substance. Upon detection of isopropanol toxicology test will be repeated during the day as well as after the delivery of treatment.

Therapy

The elimination of the pathological condition involves the following activities.

The stabilization of the health of the sick

The victim placed in the intensive care unit, by introduction of a catheter into a vein, and the treatment of the oral and nasal cavity to restore respiratory function.

In severe cases, use the vent or the endotracheal tube. With a significant violation of the respiratory abilities of the patient, carry out artificial respiration.

To restore the negative pressure to the patient administered prednisolone, dopamine, mezaton.

Extracting poison

If the toxin did not have time to dissolve in the blood stream, carry out gastric lavage with a probe. However, the liquid is drunk more than three hours ago, such procedures cannot be removed.

To resolve the remaining elements, carry out the following activities:

  • extrarenal blood purification;
  • stimulation of urine secretion;
  • non-invasive enterosorption.

In addition, after a few hours, a second lavage of the stomach as toxins is able in a small number stand out in the digestive tract.

Application of antidote

Ethanol helps neutralize the toxic effect of isopropyl alcohol. The substance is injected, combining with a solution of glucose or sodium chloride. In addition, ethanol can be used by the oral route.

Symptomatic treatment

This therapy takes into account the symptoms.

  • When disorder of the heart patient discharged cardiac glycosides, drugs, electrolytes, nitroglycerin.
  • When the reduction of blood pressure used kordiamin, caffeine, and synthetic hormones.
  • With the appearance of disease symptoms using NSAIDs.

This organic compound is considered less dangerous than wood alcohol, but it can cause serious consequences when taken in large quantities. The outcome of the poisoning depends on the timely provision of medical care, individual to individual, as well as other substances taken into the bodytogether with isopropanol.

Most often, patients with easy and moderate phase of the poisoning, recovering after 2-4 weeks. Severe cases of intoxication, even if resuscitation is usually fatal.